How to Tell Right from Wrong
"Morality is herd instinct in the individual."- Friedrich Nietzsche"Can you tell right from wrong?" This is the kind of question we ask our children...
“Morality is herd instinct in the individual.”- Friedrich Nietzsche”Can you tell right from wrong?” This is the kind of question we ask our children, but do we ourselves have a ready answer to it? We use this question to determine whether someone who commits a crime is more or less guilty depending on their intent and state of mind. The question assumes that right and wrong are real and tangible constants, and moreover that the human mind is capable of recognising them for what they are.
All tribes operate according to a set of rules – however rudimentary or unspoken. These are its morals, and they extend to each of its members, but they have no effect beyond the close-knit community of the tribe. Like medieval knights, constrained to treat each other according to the laws of chivalry but free to abuse the peasants at will, members of a tribe look out for themselves and for their own, but have no interest in the moral codes of other rival tribes. Such a morality is fundamentally amoral, since it treats “right” and “wrong” as subjective and inconstant. To this extent, tribes are inherently amoral.
Whatever we may choose to think of our own powers of self-determination, the groups to which we belong have a lot to do with how we see the world. We conform to the same social and presentational norms as those shared by other members of the group, and we subliminally accept that our standards for dress, politeness, register in addressing others and so on are all conditioned according to some objective moral constant. We measure the way we feel about others in terms of how closely they conform to this imagined norm, and the illusion is perpetuated by the fact that it is accepted by all members of the group. Any exchange of views within the group requires that all parties espouse the same fundamental moral views – evidence of a shared mindset which we might label “groupthink”.
That this supposed norm is a myth should now be clear, but it is nonetheless the kernel around which groups form and operate. In order to maintain the distinction between those who are members of the group and those who are not certain rules must be laid down, and at the heart of these there must exist the illusion of an absolute. The reasons why any group adopts a particular moral code may seem logical, but they are in fact merely convenient. We judge others not according to the standards of their group, but of our own, and those who do not conform to the arbitrary standards upon which we insist are rejected as adversaries hostile to our way of life.
There are such objective constants as “right” and “wrong” that transcend all we do and think – I am not denying that. What I do deny is that it is possible for any tribe to define them without missing some of the nuance and complexity which they require. Our regulations, therefore, are not predicated on right and wrong but on arbitrary definitions thereof. The claim that our laws are righteous, moreover, elevates them to the status of something to be worshiped, making the lawyers the high priests in a religion which elevates arbitrary definition to the status of fundamental truth. In the end it must be up to the individual to define for himself what is right and what is wrong, and it is his prerogative to do this whatever the tribe might argue to the contrary.
John Berling Hardy helps people free themselves from the grand illusion perpetrated by the players. For more of his writings please visit